MM

The Latin inscription "Esset mors patet hora latet memento mori" translates to:

"Death is certain, its hour is hidden – remember you must die."

This is a common memento mori (reminder of mortality) inscription found on graves and monuments. The phrase breaks down as:

• Esset mors patet = Death is certain/evident

• hora latet = the hour is hidden/concealed

• memento mori = remember that you must die

These types of inscriptions were particularly popular during medieval and early modern times, serving as reminders of human mortality and the importance of living virtuously.

Symbols:

• Skull and crossbones: The primary symbol representing death and mortality

• The skull specifically represents the physical remains of the deceased and the inevitability of death

• The crossed bones were a common symbol in medieval Christian iconography representing the triumph of death over life

Secondary Elements visible in the carving:

• Hourglass (visible in the upper right): Represents the passage of time and life's finite nature

• What appears to be vessels or urns: These typically symbolize the vessel of the soul or funeral urns

• Decorative border elements: The circular/spiral patterns around the edges were common in Scottish and Orcadian grave carvings, showing both Christian and Celtic influences

The overall composition is set within a carved frame or panel, which is typical of higher-status gravestones from this period, suggesting this was likely the grave of a wealthy individual or church official.

The combination of these symbols was meant to remind viewers of their own mortality and the importance of living a virtuous life in preparation for death and judgment – a central theme in medieval Christian theology. The quality of the carving and the complexity of the design suggest this was created in the 17th or 18th century, when such elaborate memento mori carvings were at their peak in Scottish ecclesiastical art.